<一>、布袋式脈沖除塵器清灰系統方式

　　袋式(shi)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)的(de)清(qing)(qing)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)方式(shi)可分為在(zai)線(xian)和離(li)線(xian)。幾萬風量的(de)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)常采用(yong)在(zai)線(xian)清(qing)(qing)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)，幾十萬風量的(de)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)常采用(yong)離(li)線(xian)清(qing)(qing)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)。在(zai)線(xian)清(qing)(qing)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)就是濾(lv)(lv)袋邊(bian)過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)邊(bian)清(qing)(qing)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)；離(li)線(xian)清(qing)(qing)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)就是將過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)和清(qing)(qing)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)分開，濾(lv)(lv)袋過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)時不(bu)清(qing)(qing)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)，濾(lv)(lv)袋清(qing)(qing)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)時不(bu)過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)，清(qing)(qing)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)較(jiao)，設(she)備造價高。

　　脈沖清(qing)(qing)灰(hui)(hui)系統(tong)可分為定時(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)和(he)阻力控(kong)制(zhi)。定時(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)即固定脈沖周期，定時(shi)清(qing)(qing)灰(hui)(hui)，清(qing)(qing)灰(hui)(hui)方式不隨實(shi)際(ji)運行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因素而波動，對(dui)初始調節(jie)要求高，調節(jie)不好會造成頻(pin)繁噴(pen)吹(chui)，降低(di)濾袋和(he)膜片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命，長時(shi)間間隔噴(pen)吹(chui)又會影響(xiang)除塵(chen)(chen)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行效果。阻力控(kong)制(zhi)即將除塵(chen)(chen)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計阻力作(zuo)為控(kong)制(zhi)儀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)點，使(shi)清(qing)(qing)灰(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間和(he)除塵(chen)(chen)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行阻力聯系起來。當凈氣室和(he)含塵(chen)(chen)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)差達到值(一般為1000～1300Pa左右)時(shi)開始清(qing)(qing)灰(hui)(hui)。這種(zhong)定阻力控(kong)制(zhi)清(qing)(qing)灰(hui)(hui)方式能(neng)避(bi)免定時(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺點，使(shi)清(qing)(qing)灰(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)率接近除塵(chen)(chen)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)運行情況。

　　由(you)于糧食(shi)飼(si)料行業(ye)要處理(li)(li)的含塵氣(qi)體(ti)濃(nong)度較高(gao)，很大一部分除塵器是作為(wei)中間分級處理(li)(li)設(she)備，清灰的頻率較高(gao)，阻力(li)控制和定時控制相比(bi)已沒有優(you)勢(shi)可言。定時控制清灰還可以避免(mian)阻力(li)控制產(chan)生的誤操作和失效的問題(ti)。

　　脈沖清灰(hui)控制(zhi)(zhi)原理圖采(cai)用行(xing)列矩陣控制(zhi)(zhi)形式，電(dian)磁(ci)脈沖閥跨接(jie)在(zai)行(xing)線(xian)和(he)列線(xian)之間，通(tong)過行(xing)線(xian)、列線(xian)的(de)(de)接(jie)通(tong)，實現(xian)對(dui)相應脈沖閥的(de)(de)噴(pen)吹控制(zhi)(zhi)。脈沖清灰(hui)控制(zhi)(zhi)有“自(zi)動”和(he)“就地”兩種工作方(fang)式。在(zai)“自(zi)動”方(fang)式下(xia)，由(you)PLC控制(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)選(xuan)開(kai)關(guan)和(he)列選(xuan)開(kai)關(guan)的(de)(de)通(tong)斷來實現(xian)相應電(dian)磁(ci)脈沖閥的(de)(de)噴(pen)吹控制(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)“就地”方(fang)式下(xia)，可(ke)在(zai)現(xian)場就地操作箱上(shang)(shang)通(tong)過操作面板上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)行(xing)選(xuan)轉換(huan)開(kai)關(guan)和(he)列選(xuan)對(dui)應按鈕(niu)來實現(xian)對(dui)相應電(dian)磁(ci)脈沖閥的(de)(de)噴(pen)吹控制(zhi)(zhi)。

　　<二>、脈沖布袋除塵器的噴吹系統

　　脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)布袋除塵器(qi)的(de)(de)噴(pen)吹(chui)系統主要是電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)閥(fa)(fa)、脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)控制(zhi)儀(yi)、噴(pen)吹(chui)管(guan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)等方面構(gou)成。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)金(jin)屬管(guan)聯接(jie)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)閥(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)輸入端(duan)(duan)，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)閥(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)輸出端(duan)(duan)又(you)連接(jie)于(yu)噴(pen)吹(chui)管(guan)。等到脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)控制(zhi)儀(yi)出現了(le)信(xin)號指(zhi)令(ling)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)閥(fa)(fa)便會(hui)銜鐵吸合，將氣(qi)(qi)(qi)塞頂開(kai)(kai)。A氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室內的(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓力將膜(mo)(mo)片頂開(kai)(kai)，B氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室之內的(de)(de)儲氣(qi)(qi)(qi)也在此刻放出。開(kai)(kai)啟了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)閥(fa)(fa)，輸出口的(de)(de)壓縮空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)就會(hui)進(jin)去噴(pen)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)內。消失(shi)了(le)指(zhi)令(ling)信(xin)號，電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)波便將銜鐵返回(hui)，放松撞桿(gan)，復位氣(qi)(qi)(qi)塞。而就在這時，B氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室出現的(de)(de)壓力又(you)緊壓住膜(mo)(mo)片，壓在了(le)輸出口之上。關閉了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)閥(fa)(fa)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)閥(fa)(fa)從開(kai)(kai)啟到了(le)閉合，形成了(le)一(yi)次(ci)的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)。濾袋便會(hui)產生下壓脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)，實現了(le)清灰的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)。

　　其中，脈(mo)(mo)沖的(de)寬(kuan)度(du)為濾袋噴(pen)吹(chui)時(shi)間(jian)。脈(mo)(mo)沖間(jian)隔(ge)是(shi)(shi)相鄰的(de)兩排濾袋在間(jian)隔(ge)時(shi)間(jian)內的(de)噴(pen)吹(chui)。脈(mo)(mo)沖周期(qi)則是(shi)(shi)指對一(yi)排濾袋所噴(pen)吹(chui)時(shi)間(jian)，也稱之(zhi)為噴(pen)吹(chui)的(de)周期(qi)。無論是(shi)(shi)脈(mo)(mo)沖的(de)寬(kuan)度(du)、脈(mo)(mo)沖間(jian)隔(ge)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)噴(pen)吹(chui)周期(qi)，都需要脈(mo)(mo)沖控制(zhi)儀自動進行控制(zhi)。

　　電(dian)磁(ci)脈沖(chong)閥(fa)(fa)是(shi)脈沖(chong)布(bu)(bu)袋(dai)式除塵器內的噴吹系統主要裝置。它(ta)(ta)可以向濾袋(dai)中(zhong)噴吹一(yi)些壓(ya)縮空氣，控(kong)制好(hao)脈沖(chong)控(kong)制儀中(zhong)的輸(shu)出信號。LUP系列脈沖(chong)布(bu)(bu)袋(dai)式除塵器所使用的電(dian)磁(ci)脈沖(chong)閥(fa)(fa)為DMF型，它(ta)(ta)將(jiang)先導閥(fa)(fa)和脈沖(chong)閥(fa)(fa)都組合(he)為一(yi)體，儲氣筒(tong)金(jin)屬管(guan)以及閥(fa)(fa)體的進氣口有連(lian)接，而其他(ta)的部位并沒有用軟管(guan)連(lian)接。這樣的電(dian)磁(ci)脈沖(chong)閥(fa)(fa)結構合(he)理(li)、工(gong)作、安裝方便。閥(fa)(fa)體由(you)鋁硅(gui)合(he)金(jin)壓(ya)鑄(zhu)。

　　脈(mo)(mo)沖控(kong)(kong)(kong)制儀(yi)(yi)為(wei)脈(mo)(mo)沖袋(dai)式除塵器(qi)(qi)的(de)主控(kong)(kong)(kong)部(bu)位。在LLJP系列脈(mo)(mo)沖布袋(dai)式除塵器(qi)(qi)的(de)研制中，所使用的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制儀(yi)(yi)為(wei)PLC微電(dian)腦程控(kong)(kong)(kong)儀(yi)(yi)，單(dan)(dan)片(pian)芯片(pian)選擇MOTOROLA型號。在設置(zhi)安(an)裝(zhuang)時(shi)，選擇了(le)的(de)凈化開關(guan)和多級穩壓，提高了(le)抗(kang)干擾(rao)能力(li)。一(yi)般來說，脈(mo)(mo)沖控(kong)(kong)(kong)制儀(yi)(yi)為(wei)1A的(de)輸出(chu)功率(lv)，而每一(yi)路的(de)輸出(chu)都帶著(zhu)兩個電(dian)磁閥。脈(mo)(mo)沖袋(dai)式除塵器(qi)(qi)分為(wei)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)、手(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和定(ding)(ding)壓控(kong)(kong)(kong)制方式。定(ding)(ding)壓是控(kong)(kong)(kong)制好按設的(de)壓差，除塵器(qi)(qi)各室都自動(dong)(dong)(dong)清(qing)掃灰(hui)塵。定(ding)(ding)時(shi)是根據(ju)特定(ding)(ding)的(de)時(shi)間，一(yi)個清(qing)灰(hui)周期(qi)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)清(qing)灰(hui)。手(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)是依次(ci)(ci)的(de)對(dui)每一(yi)個室清(qing)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)灰(hui)，當然也(ye)可以單(dan)(dan)獨(du)的(de)清(qing)灰(hui)室內廠這是由低壓脈(mo)(mo)沖定(ding)(ding)時(shi)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制。